What is an EORI number, and how to apply for it

PHS Team

12 Sep, 2025

What is an EORI number? It is a common query among businesses engaged in cross-border trade, as this unique identifier is now essential for importing and exporting goods in 2025. The Economic Operators Registration and Identification number streamlines customs processes, allowing authorities to recognise traders quickly and ensure that all shipments meet compliance standards.

Without an EORI number, companies may experience significant delays and increased costs at UK and EU borders. The EORI number, usually beginning with ‘GB’ followed by numbers, must be included on all relevant customs declarations and paperwork to ensure smooth international transactions for any business operating in the global market.

In this blog, we’ll guide you through what is an EORI number and the process of applying for an EORI number. 

Who Needs an EORI Number?

1. Importers and Exporters: Required for customs clearance when trading goods with the EU.
2. Customs Agents: Must have an EORI number to handle customs procedures on behalf of businesses.
3. Freight Forwarders: Need an EORI number to manage cross-border shipments.
4. Non-EU Businesses: Must obtain an EORI number to trade with the EU effectively.
5. Businesses Engaging in International Trade: Should register for an EORI number 

Types of EORI Numbers

EORI numbers come in different types, each serving specific purposes depending on the business's location and trading activities. Here are the main types:

EU EORI Number

This is issued to businesses based in the European Union. It allows them to engage in customs activities within the EU. Each member state issues its own EORI number, but it is valid across all EU countries.

UK EORI Number

The EORI number UK has its own EORI system. Businesses in the UK that import or export goods must obtain an EORI code UK. This number starts with "GB" and is important for customs clearance in the UK.

Non-EU EORI Number

Businesses located outside the EU that wish to trade with EU countries need a non-EU EORI number. This allows them to comply with EU customs regulations when importing or exporting goods.

Special EORI Numbers

Some businesses may require special EORI numbers for specific activities, such as those involved in certain regulated sectors or industries.

To verify the validity of any EORI number, you can use an EORI number checker, which ensures that the number is correctly formatted and registered, helping businesses avoid potential issues during customs processes.

How to Apply for an EORI Number

Applying for an EORI number is an easy process. Here’s how you can do it:

Check Eligibility

Ensure your business is eligible for an EORI number. If you are based in the EU or plan to trade with EU countries, you need to apply.

Gather Required Information

Collect necessary details, including your business name, address, VAT registration number (if applicable), and contact information. For non-EU businesses, you may need to provide additional documentation.

Visit the Relevant Customs Authority Website

Go to the customs authority government website of the country where your business is established. For UK businesses, this would be the HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) website.

Complete the Application Form

Fill out the online application form with accurate information. Ensure all details are correct to avoid delays.

Submit Your Application

After completing the form, submit your application. You should receive your EORI number via email within a few days if there are no issues.

Keep Records

Save a copy of your EORI number for future reference, as you will need it for all customs-related activities.

EORI Number Format

An EORI number follows a specific format that varies depending on the country of registration. Generally, it consists of two main components, a country code and a unique identifier.

1. Country Code: The EORI number begins with a two-letter country code that identifies the member state where the business is registered. For example, a UK-based EORI number starts with "GB," while a German EORI number starts with "DE."
2. Unique Identifier: Following the country code, the number includes a unique identifier, which can be up to 15 characters long. This identifier is typically derived from the business's VAT number or other registration numbers.

For example, a UK EORI number might look like this: GB123456789000. This format ensures that each EORI number is distinct, allowing customs authorities to easily identify and track businesses involved in international trade.

Benefits of Having an EORI Number

There are several benefits to having an EORI number, which we outline in detail below. These advantages help businesses move goods faster through customs, follow regulations, and improve overall trade efficiency.

1. Faster Customs Clearance: An EORI number speeds up the customs process, allowing for quicker clearance of goods at borders. This helps reduce delays and ensures the timely delivery of shipments.
2. Regulatory Compliance: Having an EORI number ensures your business follows EU customs regulations, helping you avoid penalties and fines associated with non-compliance.
3. Import and Export Processes: An EORI number is important for businesses involved in importing or exporting goods, making the paperwork and procedures smoother and more efficient.
4. Increased Shipment Tracking: The EORI number allows customs authorities to track shipments more effectively, improving transparency and accountability in the supply chain.
5. Increased Business Credibility: Possessing an EORI number demonstrates professionalism and a commitment to compliance, increasing your business's reputation with partners and customers.

Common Mistakes to Avoid When Applying for an EORI Number

When applying for an EORI number, there are several common mistakes that can cause delays or complications. Businesses can avoid customs delays by checking an EORI number through the official HMRC or EU database to confirm its validity. Being aware of these errors can help ensure a smooth and successful application process.

1. Incorrect Business Information: Ensure that all details provided, such as your business name, address, and registration number, are accurate. Mistakes can lead to delays or rejection of your application.
2. Not Checking Eligibility: Before applying, confirm that your business qualifies for an EORI number. Only businesses involved in importing or exporting goods are eligible.
3. Neglecting to Register with HMRC First: If you’re based in the UK, you must be registered with HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) before you can apply for an EORI number. Ensure this step is completed.
4. Overlooking Non-EU Requirements: Non-EU businesses trading with the EU must also apply for an EORI number. Don’t assume it’s only necessary for EU-based companies.
5. Failing to Keep Records: Maintain a copy of your application and any correspondence with customs authorities. This documentation can be helpful if issues arise later.
6. Missing Application Deadlines: Be aware of any deadlines related to your trade activities. Applying well in advance can prevent last-minute issues.

Conclusion

In conclusion, an EORI number is a crucial identifier that makes customs processes easy and secure for businesses involved in international trade. Obtaining the correct EORI number gives faster shipments, follows customs regulations, and smoother cross-border operations.

By understanding who needs an EORI number, the different types available, and how to apply correctly, businesses can avoid common mistakes and make the most of the benefits this system offers. Keeping your information accurate and up to date will help maintain hassle-free customs clearance and strengthen your position in the global market.

Get expert help

If you have queries about obtaining an EORI number, We can provide expert guidance customised to your business needs. With a highly qualified team experienced in accounting and business management consultancy, We help clients navigate the complexities of international trade compliance, including the application process for an EORI number. Contact us at 0208 8611685 and email at info@phs-uk.co.ukn.